As the world reels from Donald Trump's on-again off-again "Liberation Day" tariffs, nations are lining up to make deals – but also scrambling to shield their economies from the fallout.

The EU has proposed a "zero-for-zero" tariff agreement on industrial goods. But the bloc is prepared to enact a 25% tariff on US products if negotiations falter, and is also considering deploying its new anti-coercion instrument, which enables a range of retaliatory measures including export controls, intellectual property restrictions, and foreign investment limits.

North of the US border, Canada enacted 25% counter-tariffs on US vehicles. The revenue is earmarked to support Canadian auto workers harmed by the US tariffs. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney and Trump had also previously agreed that trade negotiations will take place after the Canadian election, scheduled for April 28.