Chinese troops in Ukraine?

President Volodymyr Zelensky said on Tuesday that Ukrainian forces had captured two Chinese nationals on the battlefield who were fighting alongside Russian troops, and he claimed his country’s security service had “information suggesting that there are many more Chinese citizens in the occupier’s units.”

Importantly, Zelensky did not accuse the Chinese government of sending these troops to Ukraine, though his government has formally asked the Chinese government to comment. Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Russia has repeatedly recruited and deployed foreign nationals as mercenaries. The North Korean government has so far provided an estimated 14,000 troops for Russia’s war effort.

China has provided rhetorical and some material support for Russia, but it has kept Vladimir Putin’s war at arm’s length. Beijing has never formally recognized any of Russia’s territorial claims in Ukraine, including land the Russians seized in 2014.

Zelensky also acknowledged this week for the first time that Ukrainian troops are operating in Russia’s Belgorod province, which neighbors the Kursk region where Ukraine had already claimed the occupation of Russian territory. Zelensky said these troops are there to protect Ukraine’s Sumy and Kharkiv regions just across the border.

The presence of Ukrainian troops in Belgorod, which Russian military bloggers have acknowledged in recent weeks despite Kremlin denials, does not represent a major Ukrainian escalation. The number of troops and the land area in which they appear to be fighting are much smaller in Belgorod than in Kursk. But Zelensky’s comment does signal Kyiv’s determination to remain aggressive as Russia ups its own cross-border attacks.