As Afghan farmers struggle with high operating costs and low crop prices, more are taking a risk by illegally growing poppy to feed their families. Poppy is a key ingredient in opium – which can then be used to make heroin – and Afghanistan has long been a major producer. Before the Taliban banned cultivation in 2022, the country supplied more than 80% of the world’s opium. Now, farmers hide poppies among tall cereal crops, harvest them secretly, and sell them on the black market. The surge could have consequences far beyond Afghanistan: a growing supply could drive down drug prices across Asia and Europe.

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