Last year, Trudeau’s government revised the Investment Canada Act, its law governing foreign direct investment, adding new safeguards against China investing in areas of the economy that could be a threat to national security. The revisions touched on infrastructure, critical resources, technology, supply chains, and intellectual property.

The decision marked a new era in the China-Canada relationship, with Ottawa siding more with Washington amid the US-China rivalry, decisively backing away from its earlier middleman role.

But how big of a concern was China’s FDI footprint in Canada? We look at the biggest foreign investors in Canada in 2022.