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Devastation in Nepal and China after flash flood, Tanzania’s political infighting tests its political stability, French presidential candidates face off in first debate

Catastrophic flooding in Nepal tests its young, new leader

A massive wall of mud and rock crashed into a river along Nepal’s Himalayan border with Tibet on Wednesday, triggering catastrophic flooding that swept away bridges, destroyed buildings, and swamped roads. Over 300 people were killed, and over 1,000 remain missing – including hundreds of foreign tourists – with officials warning that the death toll is likely to rise. The disaster poses a daunting recovery challenge for Nepal, one of Asia’s poorest and slowest-growing economies, which is already struggling with high fuel costs driven by the war in Iran. It is also a major test for Balen Shah, the country’s 36-year-old prime minister, who took office just five months ago after a wave of Gen Z frustration with the political establishment. Shah is visiting Nuwakot, one of the hardest-hit districts, today, and floods will be an early marker of whether his political appeal is matched by his ability to steer through a crisis.

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A big settlement for Big Tech

The Facebook and Instagram owner settled with 47 states, the District of Columbia, and US territories on Wednesday, agreeing to pay financial penalties and make changes to its products over claims that its platforms endangered children. Meta agreed to limit how long teenagers can spend on its apps, allow teens to turn off “autoplay" on videos, and invest more in age-verification software. That last measure could be particularly important: Australia became the first country to ban social media for teens last year but has struggled to enforce the ban while young people find workarounds. After the settlement, Meta said in a blog post that it was “building on our longstanding efforts to empower parents and support teens.”

The UN’s “major donor syndrome”

On August 4, the Trump administration notified Congress of its intent to pay the United Nations $725 million – less than a fifth of the roughly $4 billion the UN says the United States owes in unpaid membership dues. It will also pay $125 million towards UN peacekeeping operations in Haiti and the Democratic Republic of Congo, although it was asked to contribute $1.5 billion to peacekeeping in 2025.

This comes as the UN faces what Secretary General António Guterres called an “imminent financial collapse” due to unpaid fees and is undergoing a significant cost-cutting exercise. It has cut its budget by 9% this year and is moving thousands of jobs away from expensive cities like Geneva and New York. Even so, the shortfall has left the UN struggling to fund human rights projects in 87 countries including Ukraine, Sudan, Gaza, Haiti, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo – last year, they observed over 1,300 trials, supported 67,000 torture victims, and helped release 4,000 people from arbitrary detention.

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Celebrating America 250

America’s next chapter is being built now. Bank of America is mobilizing $250 billion over the next 18 months to help finance the infrastructure behind it.

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Kurdish SDF and new Syrian government find common ground, Gangs in Haiti push into new territory, Colombia’s new president cracks down on immigration

Syria’s main Kurdish militia disbands

Some of our readers may recall German sociologist Max Weber’s famous definition of a state as having “a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence.” Well, now you can watch that monopoly expanding in real time in Syria as the country’s main Kurdish militia, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), has officially dissolved itself. The move, agreed several months ago with the Islamist-led government of Ahmed al-Sharaa, the former jihadist who overthrew the Assad dictatorship in late 2024, marks a major step forward in stabilizing and strengthening the new Syrian state. The SDF fighters, who once controlled vast swathes of territory in Northern Syria and were critical in the fight against ISIS, will now be integrated with the Syrian army. Across the border in Turkey, meanwhile, the main Kurdish rebel group, the PKK, has also agreed to disband — marking a broader move away from militancy among the region’s key Kurdish groups.

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Fired up

For years, an economically booming China built more gas-fired power plants each year than the US. But now that trend has reversed, as US construction of this type of plant surged by 76% this year. The main driver of the gas-fired plant boom is the staggering electricity demand of AI data centers. Gas is cleaner than coal, of course, but it is still a fossil fuel. Some estimates warn that data centers’ power demand could push up US power-related greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 20%. The US’s main AI competitor, China, by contrast, has leaned into renewables, like solar and hydropower, for its own data centers, betting that the trade-off of less immediate power generation in favor of more long-term sustainability is worth it.

On June 7, Cameroonian President Paul Biya left the country for what his office described as a “brief private stay in Europe.” Then he didn’t come back – for 73 days.

As the weeks passed with little information about the 93-year-old president’s whereabouts, rumors swirled about his health. Opposition figures questioned whether the country was effectively running on autopilot and even called for an interim leader. Finally, on August 20, Biya returned to Cameroon, waving to supporters from his motorcade in the country’s capital, Yaoundé, and presented a trophy to the national women’s soccer team three days later as if it were business as usual.

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Zambia’s post-election crisis deepens

The mineral-rich southern African nation is slipping into political crisis following last week’s disputed election, in which incumbent President Hakainde Hichilema won a second five-year term. In the days since, his government has launched a deadly crackdown on the opposition. On Friday, a former minister was shot dead when the police raided a house linked to opposition leader Brian Mundubile. The authorities accuse Mundubile, who is now in hiding, of fomenting an insurgency. On Monday, the government sealed off access to courts as the deadline approached for filing legal challenges to the election result. The official tally showed Hichilema with 60% of the vote against Mundubile’s 38%, but election observers have questioned the integrity of the count. One bitter irony is that when Hichilema first won power in 2021, his victory against strongman Edgar Lungu was seen as a fresh chance at democracy. Five years later, that promise appears to be cracking.

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It’s official: the US and Canada are in a trade war, a remarkable rupture in one of the world’s closest alliances. After Canada withdrew from talks last Friday, the US applied a 50% tariff on roughly $20 billion worth of Canadian goods, including wine, furniture, dairy products, cement, clothing, fishing rods and hockey equipment. In response, Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney said today that Canada will retaliate with its own tariffs, as high as 50%, on $20 billion in American imports starting next month. US President Donald Trump, meanwhile, has plans for 50% tariffs on Canadian automobiles, trucks and auto parts starting January 1.

The war of words has escalated too, with Carney accusing the US of signing deals “in pencil,” suggesting its commitments can’t be trusted, while Trump said Canada wants the benefits of being a US state “without being one.” Ontario Premier Doug Ford, whose province is heavily dependent on the auto sector, said Trump could “kiss my ass.” Trump later called Ford a “flunky,” and Ford called him a “loser.”

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Like many countries around the world, Singapore is experiencing a fertility crisis, with too few babies born to maintain the population level without net immigration, much less increase it. Last year, Singapore registered a record low rate of just 0.87 children per woman. At the same time, advances in healthcare that help people to live longer have put Singapore on course to become a “super aged” society, where more than a fifth of the population is 65 or older. To change that dynamic, the government will offer huge bonuses and other incentives, totaling more than $55,000 per child up to age 17. That would make it one of the most generous cumulative fertility incentives in the world.

In his latest Quick Take, Ian Bremmer examines the collapse of US-Canada trade talks and what it reveals about President Trump’s growing political vulnerability.

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AI systems work best when they reflect the languages people actually use. Through LINGUA Africa, the Microsoft AI for Good Lab and its partners are supporting 26 African-led projects spanning more than 50 languages and reaching over 500 million speakers across 47 countries. By investing in open language datasets, tools, and real-world applications, the initiative aims to make AI more accessible and relevant to communities across Africa.

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Germany’s military has reached its largest size in 13 years – and is still growing. Earlier this month, the Bundeswehr, the country’s armed forces, announced it had 186,705 active troops, having added roughly 3,700 over the last year. Germany’s armed forces have slowly ticked up after a sharp decline following the 2011 decision by then-Chancellor Angela Merkel’s government to suspend mandatory national service.

This recent growth is part of a much larger ambition: in May of last year, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced plans to build the strongest conventional army in Europe in response to a growing threat from Russia following Putin’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. These threats are now compounded by doubts about US security guarantees under US President Donald Trump, who withdrew 5,000 troops from Germany earlier this year after Merz criticized Trump’s war in Iran.

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“Coalition of the Willing” summit begins in Kyiv

The gathering today, which falls on the 35th anniversary of Ukraine’s independence from the Soviet Union, brings together nearly three dozen European countries supporting Ukraine with financial and military aid against Russia. Top on the agenda is Kyiv’s urgent request for more air defenses ahead of winter, as Russian airstrikes continue to pummel Ukrainian cities and energy infrastructure. But Kyiv’s Western backers are themselves running low on missile interceptors because of previous allocations to Ukraine and the US’s use of Patriots to fight Iran. The US is still weighing a request to allow Ukraine to produce Patriot missiles domestically, amid pushback from US arms manufacturers who don’t want to send production elsewhere. Europe is now the main supplier of military and financial aid to Ukraine, with €90 billion (around $105 billion) in EU funds allocated through 2027, along with a number of bilateral commitments. Norway announced another $9 billion package for next year on Sunday.

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