Twenty-five years ago this spring, the Netherlands became the first country to legalize same-sex marriage. It was a watershed moment, one that spurred 37 other countries to follow suit in the years since, including Thailand and Liechtenstein most recently in 2025.
Despite that progress, same-sex marriage remains illegal in far more places than it is legal. It’s banned in nearly 100 countries, while same-sex relationships between consenting adults are criminalized in 65. Most of those countries are in Africa and Asia, though some are in the Americas, including Jamaica.
As countries around the world mark Pride Month this June, we examined the persistent global divide in LGBTQ rights. As our Graphic Truth shows, public attitudes toward same-sex marriage vary dramatically across countries and generally align with where same-sex marriage has been legalized. In Sweden, 92% of citizens support same-sex marriage, while that number is as low as 2% in Nigeria.
Public opinion, though, is not fixed. In the United States, for example, 68% of adults opposed same-sex marriage in 1996 – nearly a complete reversal of today’s views, with 63% now supporting it. In Greece, support for same-sex marriage rose by nearly 33 points over two decades (according to varying survey groups), helping pave the way for the country to become the first Orthodox Christian-majority nation to legalize it in 2024.
Then-Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis spoke to GZERO about backing the measure despite opposition from within his own center-right New Democracy party.
“I knew from the beginning that there are a lot of people within my party that did not agree with this,” Mitsotakis told Ian Bremmer, “But at the end of the day, human rights is about protecting smaller groups. Otherwise, you have the tyranny of the majority.”
But while some countries have become more accepting, others are moving in the opposite direction. In 2025, the number of countries criminalizing same-sex relations grew for the first time in nearly a decade. Burkina Faso adopted such a law for the first time in its history, and over the weekend, Ghana’s parliament passed a bill that would criminalize homosexuality and introduce a legal “duty” on citizens to report suspected same-sex relationships to police.
Other countries have cracked down on freedom of expression as well. Turkey’s government has proposed tighter measures targeting conduct deemed “contrary to biological sex,” while the US has seen state lawmakers propose ways to undermine same-sex marriage rights in the last year. So, as Pride Month begins, the global picture remains mixed: expanding recognition in some countries, new restrictions in others, and a stark divide over LGBTQ rights more broadly.
