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American singer songwriter Taylor Swift performing during the first night of the The Eras Tour in Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne, Friday, February 16, 2024.
Hard Numbers: Swift rocks the vote, ICC targets Russian commanders, Subianto eyes growth, Big Apple’s cash splash
2: The International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants for two senior Russian commanders, Sergei Kobylash and Viktor Sokolov, over alleged crimes against humanity in Ukraine.
8: Indonesia’s newly elected president, Prabowo Subianto, said Tuesday that within five years, his country can grow at 8% per year … without a government spending spree that unbalances the government’s books. That’s what Willis Sparks’ grandfather used to call a “good trick if you can do it.”
70: High interest rates continue to take a toll as nearly 70% of homes in New York City purchased in the final three months of 2023 were bought without a mortgage. (Some folks have apparently saved up their cash). It’s a record high and a jump from 55% in the same period of 2022.
Taylor Swift AI images & the rise of the deepfakes problem
In this episode of GZERO AI, Taylor Owen, professor at the Max Bell School of Public Policy at McGill University and director of its Centre for Media, Technology & Democracy, examines how Taylor Swift's plight with AI deepfake porn sheds light on the complexities of the information ecosystem in the biggest election year ever, which includes the US elections.
Okay, so full disclosure, I don't love the NFL and my ten-year-old son is more into Ed Sheeran than Taylor Swift, so she hasn't yet flooded our household. However, when one of the most famous people in the world is caught in a deepfake porn attack driven by a right-wing conspiracy theory, forcing one of the largest platforms in the world to shut down all Taylor Swift-related content, well, now you have my attention. But what are we to make of all this?
First thing I think is it shows how crazy this US election cycle is going to be. The combination of new AI capabilities, unregulated platforms, a flood of opaque super PAC money, and a candidate who's perfectly willing to fuel conspiracy theories means the information ecosystem this year is going to be a mess.
Second, however, I think we're starting to see some of the policy levers that could be pulled to address this problem. The Defiance Act, tabled in the Senate last week, gives victims of deepfakes the right to sue the people who created them. The Preventing Deepfakes of Intimate Images Act, stuck in the House currently, goes a step further and puts criminal liability on the people who create deepfakes.
Third, though, I think this shows how we need to regulate platforms, not just the AI that creates the deepfakes, because the main problem with this content is not the ability to create them, we've had that for a long time. It's the ability to disseminate them broadly to a large number of people. That's where the real harm lies. For example, one of these Taylor Swift videos was viewed 45 million times and stayed up for 17 hours before it was removed by Twitter. And the #TaylorSwiftAI was boosted as a trending topic by Twitter, meaning it was algorithmically amplified, not just posted and disseminated by users. So what I think we might start seeing here is a slightly more nuanced conversation about the liability protection that we give to platforms. This might mean that they are now liable for content that is either algorithmically amplified or potentially content that is created by AI.
All that said, I would not hold my breath for the US to do anything here. And probably, for the content regulations we may need, we're going to need to look to Europe, to the UK, to Australia, and this year to Canada.
So what should we actually be watching for? Well, one thing I would look for is how the platforms themselves are going to respond to what is both now an unavoidable problem, and one that has certainly gotten the attention of advertisers. When Elon Musk took over Twitter, he decimated their content moderation team. But Twitter's now announced that they're going to start rehiring one. And you better believe they're doing this not because of the threat of the US Senate but because of the threat of their biggest advertisers. Advertisers do not want their content but put aside politically motivated, deepfake pornography of incredibly popular people. So that's what I'd be watching for here. How are the platforms themselves going to respond to what is a very clear problem, in part as a function of how they've designed their platforms and their companies?
I'm Taylor Owen, and thanks for watching.
- AI at the tipping point: danger to information, promise for creativity ›
- Hard Numbers: Faking Taylor, Powering Perplexity, Keying change, Risking extinction, Embracing AI in NY ›
- Will Taylor Swift's AI deepfake problems prompt Congress to act? ›
- Deepfake porn targets high schoolers ›
- Deepfakes and dissent: How AI makes the opposition more dangerous - GZERO Media ›
- Voters beware: Elections and the looming threat of deepfakes - GZERO Media ›
- AI and Canada's proposed Online Harms Act - GZERO Media ›
FILE PHOTO: Taylor Swift attends a premiere for Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour in Los Angeles, California, U.S., October 11, 2023.
Taylor Swift controversy sparks new porn bill
After nonconsensual deepfake porn of pop singer Taylor Swift bounced around the internet in recent weeks, US lawmakers have proposed a fix.
The Disrupt Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits Act, introduced by Democratic Sen. Dick Durbin with Republican cosponsors, would give victims of this digital abuse the right to sue for damages from anyone who “knowingly produced or possessed the digital forgery with intent to disclose it.”
Swift has reportedly considered taking legal action in light of the new images. Microsoft, meanwhile, has taken steps in response to the incident to close loopholes in its software that allowed users to make such images.The bill has bipartisan support in the Senate, but squeezing it through a legislative agenda crowded with bills on government funding, border security and Ukraine aid, there’s no clear path to a swift passage.
Perplexity AI logo is seen in this illustration taken January 4, 2024.
Perplex me not
When we talk about how artificial intelligence is a revolutionary technology, it comes with caveats. Chief among them is that large language models, which power popular AI chatbots like ChatGPT, are very good at giving stylistically accurate answers but often fall short with factually accurate answers.
AI hallucinations mean the answers sound right but are often made up. Case in point: Lawyers keep getting in trouble for citing fake cases, a trend wholly attributable to the advent of AI chatbots.
Perplexity, which bills itself as an AI search engine, won plaudits recently from The New York Times, particularly for its accuracy, so I decided to take this would-be Google replacement for a spin.
Sunday night was Grammy night, so I started simple: “Are the Grammys on right now?” to which I was told, nope, they aired last February. “Therefore, the event has already concluded and is not currently on.”
Well, that wasn’t right.
Next, I asked the chatbot to tell me who is nominated for Best Album at the awards ceremony, and it responded correctly with a bulleted list of this year’s nominees, nevermind that it didn’t know that the ceremony was taking place as we chatted.
Next, I asked a series of probing questions about the band Boygenius, which was nominated for numerous Grammy awards, and it performed quite well. There was one funky answer, but it pointed directly to a New York Times Magazine profile of the band, from which it sourced the information. (The nice thing about Perplexity is it cites its sources as it responds).
Having failed my first test, I decided to see how up-to-date Perplexity is. Mere minutes after Miley Cyrus won her first-ever Grammy, I asked Perplexity, “Has Miley Cyrus won a Grammy Award?” This time, it didn’t disappoint. “Yes, Miley Cyrus won her first Grammy Award in 2024 for Best Pop Solo Performance for her song ‘Flowers.’ This marked her first Grammy win after being nominated eight times throughout her career.” Correct! It cited just-published stories from NBC News, Rolling Stone, and Variety.
When Taylor Swift announced live in her acceptance speech for Best Pop Vocal Album that she’s releasing her new album “The Tortured Poets Department” in April, it took about five minutes to get up-to-speed on that information.
My initial experiment showed that Perplexity was either up-to-date or out-of-date, not merely accurate or inaccurate like the other hallucination-prone chatbots I’ve tried. There are plenty of free and paid features I still have yet to try, but Perplexity very quickly took me to a place with AI that I didn’t think was near.
TikTok's CEO Shou Zi Chew testifies during the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on online child sexual exploitation, at the U.S. Capitol, in Washington, U.S., January 31, 2024.
TikTok videos go silent amid deafening calls for safety guardrails
It's time for TikTokers to enter their miming era. Countless videos suddenly went silent as music from top stars like Drake and Taylor Swift disappeared from the popular app on Thursday. The culprit? Universal Music Group – the world’s largest record company – could not secure a new licensing deal with the powerful information-sharing video platform.
In an open letter published by UMG, it blamed TikTok for “trying to build a music-based business, without paying fair value for the music.” UMG claimed TikTok “responded first with indifference, and then with intimidation” after being pressured not only on artist royalties, but also restrictions about AI-generated content, and a push for user safety.
It’s been a rough week for CEO Shou Zi Chew. He joined CEOs from Meta, X, and Discord for a grilling on Capitol Hill this week over the dangers of abuse and exploitation children are facing on their platforms. Sen. Lindsey Graham went so far as to say these companies have “blood on their hands.” The hearing followed last year’s public health advisory released by the Surgeon General that argued social media presents “a risk of harm” to youth mental health and called for “urgent action” from these companies.
The big takeaway: It appears social media companies are quite agile when under pressure and can change the user experience for billions of people at the drop of a hat, especially when profit margins are involved. Imagine what these companies could do if they put that energy into the health of their users instead.
Will Taylor Swift's AI deepfake problems prompt Congress to act?
Marietje Schaake, International Policy Fellow, Stanford Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, and former European Parliamentarian, co-hosts GZERO AI, our weekly video series intended to help you keep up and make sense of the latest news on the AI revolution. In this episode, she talks about how Taylor Swift's traumatic experience with AI deepfake porn could be the turning point in passing laws that protect individuals from harmful Generative AI practices, thanks to the pop star's popularity.
Today I want to talk about Taylor Swift, and that may suggest that we are going to have a lighthearted episode, but that's not the case. On the contrary, because the pop icon has been the subject of one of the most traumatizing experiences that anyone can live through online in relation to AI and new technology.
Taylor Swift was the victim of the creation of non-consensual sexually explicit content or a pornographic deepfake. Now, the term deepfake may ring a bell because we've talked about the more convincing messages that generative AI can create in the context of election manipulation, disinformation. And that is indeed a grave concern of mine. But when you look at the numbers, the vast majority of deepfakes online are of a pornographic nature. And when those are non-consensual, imagine, for example, when it's not a pop icon that everybody knows and can come to the rescue for, but a young teenager who is faced with a deepfake porn image of themselves, classmates sharing it, you can well imagine the deep trauma and stress this causes, and we know that this kind of practice has unfortunately led to self-harm among young people as well.
So, it is high time that tech companies do more, take more responsibility for preventing this kind of terrible nonconsensual use of their products and the ensuing sharing and virality online. So, if there's one silver lining to this otherwise very depressing experience of Taylor Swift than it is that she and her followers may be able to do what few have managed to succeed in, which is to move Congress to pass legislation. There seems to be bipartisan movement and all I can hope is that it will lead to better protection of people from the worst practices of generative AI.
- Making rules for AI … before it’s too late ›
- Can watermarks stop AI deception? ›
- Deepfake porn targets high schoolers ›
- Regulate AI, but how? The US isn’t sure ›
- Taylor Swift AI images & the rise of deepfakes problem - GZERO Media ›
- Voters beware: Elections and the looming threat of deepfakes - GZERO Media ›
Taylor Swift poses on the red carpet for the 2022 MTV Europe Music Awards (EMAs) at the PSD Bank Dome in Duesseldorf, Germany, November 13, 2022.
Is an 'invisible string' tying Taylor Swift to a secret Pentagon psychological operation?
Some conservative commentators likeJesse Watters, Laura Loomer, Benny Johnson — and even former presidential candidateVivek Ramaswamy — are peddling theories that Taylor Swift is the mastermind behind Joe Biden’s reelection campaign and is helping rig the results of Super Bowl LVIII.
Long story short: Across the political spectrum, some would rather worship outlandish theories like a False God than believe their politicized narrative is wrong.
What’s true: Thousands of articles are written about Swift every day. A recent Newsweek poll found that almost a fifth of respondents were likely to vote for a candidate Swift endorsed – and she endorsed Joe Biden in 2020. Plus, Swift says Scooter Braun’s infamous 2019 deal to buy her back catalog of music was funded partially by the Soros family, which provided additional fodder for the alt-right crowd, even though she opposed the deal.
What’s not true: The Pentagon and NATO planned to use her to battle online disinformation, as Fox News’ Jesse Watters suggested. The video used as evidence (and subsequently seen by millions across social media) was from a conference organized by the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defense Center of Excellence, and it merely used her as an example of how powerful celebrity status can influence the flow of information online. The presentation was given by an academic with no known ties to the US military.
What’s inconclusive: Whether her and Travis Kelce’s love story is genuine. All signs point to legitimate happiness between the two, but haters gonna hate, and speculators gonna speculate.
What to watch: Algorithmically promoted clickbait (nefariously edited videos as well as AI-generated content) taking on a life of its own after being regurgitated and distorted by millions online — and having legitimate real-world consequences. Trust in American institutions is at an all-time low, which ensures The Great War of 2024 won’t be between Biden and Trump but between what combatting narratives can prevail online in the battle for truth.Taylor Swift at a premiere of "Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour" in Los Angeles, California, in October 2023.
Hard Numbers: Not-so-Swift, Job cuts, Microsoft’s milestone, Meta goes to Indiana, Blocking bots
45 million: AI-generated pornographic images of Taylor Swift circulated around social media sites last week, spurring Swift’s team to contemplate legal action. On X, formerly Twitter, one such post had 45 million views before it was finally removed for violating the site’s rules.
8,000: Tech companies are slashing jobs to invest in AI. The German software firm SAP announced it plans to cut or restructure 8,000 jobs — training some of the employees to work alongside AI.
3 trillion: SAP isn’t alone: Microsoft cut 1,900 jobs from its video game business just as AI has pushed its market capitalization past the $3 trillion mark. Yes, Microsoft, which has spent $13 billion investing in OpenAI in addition to its internal work on AI, is the most valuable company in the world.
800 million: Facebook parent company Meta announced it is building an $800 million data center in Jeffersonville, Indiana, to support its AI efforts. We detailed Meta’s controversial ambitions to build open-source AGI, or artificial general intelligence, in last week’s newsletter.
90: News companies are pushing back against AI companies training their models on their articles — at least not without proper payment. More than 90% of top news organizations, according to one estimate, have protections in place to stop data collection bots.