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Fighting food waste and empowering women farmers
80% of the world’s food is grown on small farms. By 2050, global demand is expected to rise by 30%.
As the world faces rising food demand, social entrepreneur Nidhi Pant is tackling the challenge of food waste while empowering women farmers. Speaking with GZERO Media’s Tony Maciulis on the sidelines of the 2025 World Bank–IMF Annual Meetings, Pant explains how her organization, Science for Society Technologies (S4S), is helping smallholder farmers process and preserve their produce reducing massive post-harvest losses.
Pant’s journey began in India’s Himalayas, where her family lost 50% of their orange harvest due to poor infrastructure. “I asked myself, how can I use my engineering knowledge to solve this $14 billion problem of food loss in India?” she recalls.
By introducing low-cost dehydrators and women-centered financing models, S4S is turning surplus produce into stable income. “We want to empower women with assets, create positive impact on their bodies, and help them build a voice in their communities,” Pant says.
This conversation is presented by GZERO in partnership with Microsoft. The Global Stage series convenes global leaders for critical discussions on the geopolitical and technological trends shaping our world."
Nigerian Army soldiers patrol near the scene after a deadly gunmen attack in Yelwata, Benue State, Nigeria, on June 16, 2025.
What’s behind a surge of violence in Africa’s most populous country?
Earlier this month, Nigeria’s human rights agency reported that the country suffered more killings by insurgents and bandits in the first half of 2025 alone than in all of 2024.
That level of violence in Africa’s most populous country – and a major oil producer at that – should raise alarm bells. But experts from the country caution that there are a few ways to look at this data, which has only been kept consistently since 2024 to begin with.
First, the patterns of violence in Nigeria are shifting. For years, the largest threat in the country was the jihadist group Boko Haram and its various offshoots, which terrorized the northern reaches of the country with killings and kidnappings. But Nigeria’s security services have steadily ground them down, according to Amaka Anku, a Nigeria expert at Eurasia Group.
“Boko Haram is pretty much non-existent,” she says. “ISWAP [a local ISIS offshoot] does a few things, but that’s not the majority of where [the violence is coming from].”
So who are the perpetrators?
In fact, much of the recent increase is the result instead of violence in the central states between farmers and herders, as settled cultivators and nomadic cattle shepherds fight over valuable resources of land and water.
“A lot of what’s driven the number up is the killings in Benue state” says Anku, referring to the central Nigerian state where much of this type of violence is concentrated. Of the 606 killings reported in June by the country’s human rights agency, roughly 200 were in Benue alone.
Climate change is one of the underlying factors for the violence. The desertification of once-fertile areas of northern Nigeria has pushed herders south toward the central parts of the country – like Benue – which have seen longer rainy seasons. This has put them in conflict with farmers. There is a sectarian overlay as well: herders are typically Muslim, while farmers are usually Christian.
But there may also be a statistical anomaly in the numbers.
2024 was the first year that this data was kept, and that happened to be the first full calendar year of President Bola Tinubu’s premiership. He won power in part on a promise to rein in violence. To achieve this, the government launched a fresh security crackdown, while some state governments have even explored doing deals directly with criminal groups.
“Sometimes, the government is trying to negotiate with the bandits,” Aliyu Dahiru, a Nigerian journalist who reports for Human Angle, told GZERO. “It will give them money and say, ‘OK, let’s negotiate. You’ll stop attacking this particular location and we are going to stop attacking you.”
There’s just one problem, per Dahiru: there is no single leader of all Nigeria’s violent groups. The government may strike a deal with a head honcho, or the military may even kill one, but more groups will just spring up in their stead, says Dahiru, and the cycle continues.
“While you’re attacking [one] group, another one is getting more sophisticated, attacking more villages,” says Dahiru. “Before you know it, it’s a typical issue in that region.”
As a result, the uptick in 2025 may in fact be a reversion to the mean after a particularly successful year rather than an unprecedented spike.
Will this hurt Tinubu politically? The next election is just over 18 months away, and the most pressing problem for the president right now isn’t security, but rather skyrocketing inflation. Nonetheless, if current trends continue, violence could well become a defining electoral issue again , says Anku, meaning Tinubu will have to confront the problem again very soon.
“It ends up getting a lot more attention closer to an election, because you can whip up a lot of fear over it, right?”
Feral pigs, like these shown in Florida, are alarmingly growing in number in Canada.
‘Super pigs’ threaten Upper Midwest
America faces an invasion unlike any other – and it’s a “super pig” problem. The invasive swillers have adapted to survive cold climes, and they’ve been thriving in Canada and some US states. The trouble is, these piggies breed at a higher-than-normal rate, and a whole lot of the 600-pounders threaten to trot south.
The pigs pose multiple threats to local lands, including the spread of disease to both humans and other animals — a feral pig even killed a woman in Texas, and they’ve been known to bite East Coast farmers – as well as crop destruction to the tune of more than $2.5 billion worth a year.
Fighting super swine. The USDA is on the lookout for boars invading Montana and North Dakota from the Canadian prairies, and it works to track wild swine throughout the US. With the Canadian invasion looming, Minnesota lawmakers proposed a bill to centralize the reporting and responsibility for dealing with the hogs within a single agency. Connecticut state legislators, meanwhile, may create a task force to focus on the roaming livestock.
But whatever measures these states adopt, culling the population will be tough. The pigs are hard to track and reproduce so rapidly that one expert noted you could kill 65% of them and their count would still grow.Farmers stage a Delhi Chalo march over various demands, at the Punjab-Haryana Shambhu border, near Ambala on Tuesday.
Could farming protests hurt Modi at the polls?
Thousands of farmers are marching toward New Delhi to demand better prices for their crops, but police are trying to keep them out of the capital by barricading access to the city, firing tear gas, and making arrests.
The unrest comes just months before the general election in which Prime Minister Narendra Modi is predicted to win a third term.
A repeat of 2021? Amid the deadly surge of COVID-19 in 2020, farmers camped out for over a year, demanding that the government revoke new agricultural laws aimed at modernizing the farming industry. The protests, which gained international attention (and a tweet from Rihanna), ended after the government agreed to repeal them.
But farmers from Haryana and Punjab say the demands — including minimum support prices, doubling income, and loan waivers — have yet to be met two years on. Over 200 participating farmer unions announced a rural strike for Friday, during which no agricultural activities will occur.
High stakes. The Modi administration has faced limited challenges to appease the majority of voters. But the farming bloc (approximately 60% of the population works in agriculture), which contributes 18% to the country’s GDP and to which Modi yielded last time, may command more of his attention.
Everything’s political: sofa, tomato, shoe
If you’re reading this column, chances are you’ll agree that at some level everything is political, right?
All around us, the things we touch, eat, buy, and wear, the people we meet, the ways we communicate – there’s a little politics in all of it. There’s the trade policy that determines where your shirt comes from. There’s the immigration policy that shapes who your kids will befriend in kindergarten or where they’ll work when they grow up. There are the decisions about war and peace that can shape life for you or for family members thousands of miles away.
So from time to time, I want to take a look around the world closer at hand, spotting the big political stories in the small objects around us. Today we’re gonna do three quickies: a sofa, a tomato, and a shoe.
Let’s go.
Your sofa: Where’s it from? If you’re in the US, chances are that for most of the past 30 years, it’s been made in China, the major exporter of furniture to North America. But if you bought it over the past year? It just might be from somewhere closer to home.
That’s because just this week México officially passed China as the US’ largest annual trade partner, taking the top spot for the first time.
That’s a big deal. China has ruled the roost for most of the past 30 years on the strength of its business-minded dictatorship and its vast, relatively cheap labor force. But in recent years, two things started to change all that. First, Donald Trump uncorked a banger of a trade war against Beijing. Then, pandemic-related lockdowns shut much of China’s economy and choked off supply chains around the world.
Companies got spooked. Investors who once prized low costs over everything began to prioritize safer shores. They began scrambling to find places not named "China" to make things to sell to the vast American market: Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. They all boomed.
But México was the big winner. After all, it’s right next to the world’s largest consumer market and has a free trade agreement with Uncle Sam (renegotiated by Trump himself, no less.)
Nowadays, the industry-heavy states of northern México are practically choking on incoming investment. The catch? A lot of it is coming from … China, as companies like, say, Man Wah – one of the world’s leading manufacturers of sofas – pile into Mexico to keep a foot in the American market.
So while you sprawl out on that sofa, ponder this: the 1990s and 2000s world of peak globalization, when companies scoured the planet for the lowest cost production, is over. We now live in a world where proximity and security matter more than cost. Get close to someone on that couch!
Tomato: Speaking of México, consider one of that country’s greatest gifts to the world: the tomato.
The once-feared fruit* didn’t make it widely to Europe until about 250 years ago – no penne al pomodoro or pan con tomate until then – but at the moment it’s a little political grenade on the continent: France and Spain have gotten into it over tomatoes in recent days.
First France said the Spanish ones were “false organic” frauds. Spain shot back that France’s were “inedible.” French farmers roughed up a Spanish tomato truck.
The issue? Paris says Spanish tomato farmers are shirking the EU’s strict rules on pesticides to flood France with cheaper produce. Spain says its own campesinos are fully following the rules and points to massive imports of cheaper Moroccan tomatoes to France as the culprit.
This is more than just a tú dices “tomate,” je dis “tomate” dispute. It echoes the larger wave of farmer protests that is roiling Europe. Across the EU, farmers are raising pitchforks against Brussels, mad about climate-conscious fuel subsidy cuts that are hurting their bottom lines at a time when their costs (for fuel and fertilizer) are already up because of the Ukraine war. Meanwhile, they’re also getting squeezed by cheaper competition from abroad.
Critics of the protests point out that European agriculture has been protected by massive subsidies for decades, and that it’s a shrinking sector of small farms and old farmers that has resisted modernization.
That may be, but no sane politician in Europe wants to be seen ignoring granddad the farmer, so governments across the continent have been rolling back subsidy cuts and icing new trade deals.
Lastly, look at your shoe. And while you’re looking at it, consider the Houthis, the Iran-backed rebel group that controls Yemen.
What could these two things possibly have to do with each other?
The answer is floating in the Red Sea, where, as you probably have heard, the Houthis have been raining drones and missiles down on commercial ships as an act of solidarity with the Palestinians under Israeli assault in Gaza. As a result, shipping companies that move goods through the Red Sea and onto the Suez Canal are rerouting around the Horn of Africa. What’s this got to do with shoes?
As my colleague John found earlier this week, fully HALF of all shoes that go to Europe travel through the Red Sea. And about 40% of all clothing. So if you see a European friend walking around with two left shoes or one bare foot – you know who to blame.
*Yes, the tomato is a fruit. Don’t shoot the messenger. If you can’t handle that, don’t let me be the one to tell you that a strawberry isn’t a berry, but an eggplant is.
German farmers protest against the cut of vehicle tax subsidies of the so-called German Ampel coalition government in front of the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany January 8, 2024.
Farmers sow chaos across Germany
German farmers angry about fuel subsidy cuts have launched a weeklong nationwide protest, putting Chancellor Olaf Scholz’s fragile center-left coalition in a bind.
Scholz’s decision to end some tax breaks and subsidies for farmers was framed as tough medicine needed to cure the government’s budgetary ailments. It came after Germany’s top court ruled last fall that the government could not, in fact, direct €60 billion in leftover pandemic funds toward climate policy initiatives.
But that immediately provoked farmers, several hundred of whom stormed a ferry carrying Scholz’s top economic deputy last week. Even a partial climbdown by the government failed to appease them, and now they’ve launched protests across the country, blocking roads and snarling commuter traffic.
Farmers say raising their production costs not only hits their pocketbooks but is also unwise at a moment when inflation is ticking up and there are fears of a broader economic recession in Europe’s largest economy. The government says it must balance its budget, in time-honored German tradition. With Scholz’s coalition polling at a truly dismal 17%, is there a good German word for wiggle room?
Meanwhile, a new (old) left model rises. A new German party combines progressive ideas on the social safety net with a harsh line on immigration and skepticism about climate policy.
The Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance, founded by a half-Iranian defector from Germany’s The Left party, says today’s leftists have traded their old interest in class issues for a new one in cultural wars, and she thinks she – along with co-founder Amira Mohamed Ali, who is half Egyptian – can blunt the rise of the surging far-right Alternative for Germany party. She has sided clearly with the framers, blasting the government for “taking money from their pockets.”.
The Alliance will face its first test in this summer’s European Parliament elections, in which right and center-right parties are expected to perform well against a backdrop of rising European misgivings about migration.
Ivorian farm workers slits cocoa pods to extract the beans in a cocoa plantation of the N'Doucy cooperative near the village of Sokorogbo.
Local farmers in Africa brace for new EU deforestation law
Under EUDR, coffee growers hoping to sell to the world’s largest economy will have to digitally map their supply chains down to the plot where the raw materials were grown, a task that could involve tracing millions of small farms in remote regions.
In Ethiopia, where some 5 million farming families rely on coffee beans, orders have been drying up in recent months. Ivory Coast – the world's largest exporter of cocoa – ships around 70% of its annual output to the EU, but half of its crop is sold by local intermediaries and thus difficult to trace.
The law could increase small-scale farmer poverty and raise prices for EU consumers, while also undermining the EUDR's impact on forest conservation, as countries like Ivory Coast are considering declassifying protected forests so that they comply with the EU regulations.
COP28: Why farmers need to be front and center in climate talks
Agriculture is the foundation of human civilization, the economic activity that makes every other endeavor possible. But historically, says International Fertilizer Association Director General Alzbeta Klein, the subject hasn't received attention in climate talks.
"It took us 23 climate conferences to start thinking about agriculture," she said during a GZERO Live event organized by the Sustainability Leaders Council, a partnership between Eurasia Group, GZERO Media, and Suntory. "The problem is that we don't know how to feed ourselves without a huge impact on the environment."
The good news is, leaders are catching on to the notion that a holistic approach is the only way forward.
Watch the full livestream conversation: The global water crisis and the path to a sustainable future
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- COP28’s challenge: growing problems, shrinking credibility ›